Focus and scope

Experimental, theoretical, and applied articles on all aspects of plant, algae, and fungi biology and evolution are welcome. The submitted manuscript or its essential content must not have been previously published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Contributions should be substantial, written in high-quality English, and demonstrate general interest. Manuscripts reporting on locally specific aspects are discouraged unless the implications of the results are broad. Manuscripts with agronomic subjects are expected to contain a substantial amount of basic plant biology.

Editorial Policy

Open Science Compliance

Open Science Compliance Form: https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Open-Science-Compliance-Form_en.docx

The Open Science movement proposes guidelines for collaborative, shared, and public scientific practice. ABB adopts a series of practices, such as the policy of open access, the code of good practices for editors, and the use of social networks for the dissemination of published works. Additionally, it requires precise indication of the role of each author in articles with multiple authors and encourages the sharing of data sets for analysis, instruments, statistical analysis scripts, pipelines, and additional materials, made available in open online repositories. ABB also encourages the publication of preprint articles on public platforms, such as SciELO Preprints, bioRxiv, and Preprints, so that, if necessary, they can be openly discussed before being published. As a consequence, articles communicating research should indicate and reference the availability of the underlying content used in the research and the obtained results.

ABB offers authors and reviewers options for opening the peer review process, with or without the identification of their names. Authorization for the disclosure of names can be provided by authors at the time of article submission and by reviewers when filling out the Open Science Compliance Form: https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Open-Science-Compliance-Form_en.docx.

Ethics in Publication

The submission of an article implies that the work described has not been previously published (except in the form of an abstract, published lecture, or academic thesis). The article will first be evaluated for compliance with the journal’s guidelines and then analyzed by similarity verification software by the technical staff.

Digital Preservation

This journal follows the standards defined in the Digital Preservation Policy Program of the SciELO Program.

Preparation of Figures, Tables, and Supplementary Material

Preprints

Acta Botanica Brasilica encourages the publication of preprint articles on public platforms such as SciELO Preprints, bioRxiv, and Preprints so that, when appropriate, they can be openly discussed before formal publication. A preprint is defined as a manuscript ready for submission to a journal and deposited on reliable preprint servers before or concurrently with journal submission. This practice, along with continuous publication, serves as mechanisms to expedite research communication. The use of preprints is optional and at the discretion of the authors. If a preprint is published, its DOI should be identified in the submission process.

Peer Review Process

All authors will receive an email confirming the submission of the manuscript, along with the corresponding reference number. The editorial board will assess adherence to general instructions, such as format and linguistic appropriateness, and perform a similarity check. The Editor-in-Chief, in association with the editorial board, will evaluate the manuscript’s alignment with the journal’s scope and audience, as well as its quality, relevance, and contribution, and decide on its suitability for peer review. Manuscripts that do not adhere to the format will be returned to the authors. Manuscripts passing the initial editorial evaluation are sent to at least two anonymous reviewers who have 30 days to provide their reviews. The name of the editor or editors responsible will be published in the final version of the manuscript.

ABB is committed to editorial transparency and adheres to quality standards. For peer-review information disclosure, we follow the guidelines suggested by SciELO, which offer three options for advancing openness. The first option is to publish the name or names of the editors responsible for the evaluation in the final article. The second option is to give reviewers the choice to directly communicate with the corresponding author with or without revealing their identities. The third option is to offer the choice to publish approval reviews of articles with or without identifying the reviewers. Reviews constitute a new type of literature in the SciELO methodology and receive similar treatment to research articles. The ABB journal adopts Single-Blind peer review.

Open Data

Acta Botanica Brasilica, following the UNESCO recommendation on Open Science (available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949) and valuing the scientific principles of openness, transparency, and reproducibility, encourages the unrestricted access to scientific research, data, and dissemination, fostering collaboration and reproducibility. Open Science promotes the application of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable – https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/) to ensure long-term usability and impact of scientific data. Acta Botanica Brasilica requires the sharing of all datasets used in the analyses, including raw data, statistical analysis codes (scripts and pipelines), other codes, methods, and additional materials in open online repositories if they cannot be published in the article itself.

In partnership with SciELO (https://www.scielo.br/) and SciELO Data (https://data.scielo.org/), Acta Botanica Brasilica provides authors of articles published in the journal with a repository for data deposit (https://data.scielo.org/dataverse/brabb).

SciELO Data is a multidisciplinary repository for the deposition, preservation, and dissemination of research data from articles submitted and approved for publication, already published in SciELO Network journals, or deposited in SciELO Preprints. The inclusion of a data availability statement is a requirement for papers published in the journal. Data availability statements provide a standardized format for readers to understand the availability of original and third-party data underlying the research results described in the paper. The statement should describe and provide means of access, where possible, by linking to the data or providing the required unique identifier. It can follow the examples below:

Data available in a publicly accessible repository

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [DOI – PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS].

Data sharing not applicable

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Datasets deposited at Scielo Data or other repositories must be fully referenced in the reference list with an unique identifier such as a digital object identifier (DOI), as exemplified below:

[dataset] Batista WVSM, Pôrto K, Santos ND. 2024. Abiotic and anthropic factors predicting bryophyte assemblages in a humid enclave in Chapada do Araripe, Northeastern Brazil. Available at: (https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.XITNUZ), SciELO Data, V1.

Authors may request an exception to the policy due to legal, privacy, ethical, or other limitations or restrictions. Exceptions will be made at the discretion of the Journal. Please notify the editorial office. If an exception is granted, a data availability statement must still be included in your paper specifying what cannot be shared and explaining why.

Fees

The journal charges a fee of R$ 800 (eight hundred Brazilian reais) per article accepted for publication. There is no submission or evaluation fee. Authors will be required to pay the fee upon receipt of the acceptance letter for publication. Members of the Brazilian Botanical Society (Sociedade Botânica do Brasil – SBB), are exempt from fees for one article per year, provided it does not exceed 12 in the final PDF. For SBB members, if the manuscript exceeds the 12-page limit, an additional fee of R$ 15 per extra page in the final PDF will be applied. To become a member of the SBB, please visit https://www.botanica.org.br/. We emphasize that, as a journal maintained by a scientific society supported mainly by memberships, we are unable to waive the article fee, even for corresponding authors residing in low- and middle-income countries and territories.

Ethics and Misconduct, Correction and Retraction Policy

With the purpose of ensuring integrity and ethical editorial conduct, promoting the identification of practices such as plagiarism, academic dishonesty, duplicate publication, any other fraudulent methods, and potential ethical violations, we strongly recommend that authors consult the COPE website, where guidelines on research ethics for authors and editors are available.

Authors must ensure that data obtained, analyzed, or interpreted from other publications are clearly referenced and that the intellectual work of other authors is acknowledged and properly cited.

Regarding authorship, only those who have actively and substantially contributed to all stages of the research and article preparation should be identified as authors. No researcher who has fully participated in the research and writing of the article should be omitted. It is essential that authors carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscripts and provide the final list of authors at the time of submission. Authors should provide in the manuscript body a description of each author’s contribution following the criteria of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy – CrediT (see author instructions). Changes to authorship during the evaluation or after acceptance of the text will not be permitted. After submission, the Editor-in-Chief and/or the editorial board may request formal clarifications regarding the participation of the listed authors. Upon receipt of these clarifications, the Editor-in-Chief, together with the editorial board, will make decisions regarding the appropriate procedures concerning the manuscript.

Any article already published and identified as having misconduct will remain indexed in the journal’s database as retracted. Retraction of an article consists of documenting the reason for retraction, properly referenced and communicated by the author, editor, or other authorized agent, and published in the journal. Partial retraction may occur when misconduct applies only to a specific part of the article without compromising the entire published research. The retraction registration process is initiated upon receipt of a formal communication to the Editor-in-Chief, who will notify SciELO. This communication must include the retraction text, explaining the reasons for retracting the article.

Errors not involving misconduct will be corrected through errata. The journal will publish corrections or retractions as soon as possible. Any additions or modifications to the submitted text can only be made before manuscript acceptance and must be approved by the Editor-in-Chief.

The Editor-in-Chief will only consider changes to the text under exceptional circumstances after manuscript acceptance. During the evaluation of the change request, the publication of the manuscript will be suspended.

Policy on Conflict of Interest

Conflict of interest can be of a personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial nature. Conflicts of interest may arise when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that could influence the drafting or evaluation of manuscripts. When submitting the manuscript, authors are responsible for acknowledging and disclosing any financial or other conflicts of interest that may have influenced the work. If there is, even potentially, a conflict of interest, the author(s) must inform it in a separate document signed and attached to the submission platform. For more information see: Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest.

Reviewers should inform editors about any conflicts of interest that may influence the manuscript’s analysis and should declare themselves disqualified to review it if such conflicts occur. They should consider all types of conflicts of interest before evaluating the manuscript, including work relationships with the authors, such as participation or previous participation in joint research projects, scientific collaboration with research groups, mentoring relationships with the authors, or financial interest in the project related to the manuscript. Additionally, editors should avoid making decisions about manuscripts that may conflict with their own interests, such as those submitted by authors from their departments, research collaborators, or relatives.

Adoption of similarity software

Acta Botanica Brasilica considers plagiarism an unacceptable practice. As part of its initiatives to promote academic integrity and prevent plagiarism in its publications, it adopts the Crossref Similarity Check service provided by iThenticate for all submitted manuscripts before sending them for peer review. Similarity will be considered when the software indicates long texts, with more than 30%, suggesting plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected, authors will be notified, and formal explanations will be requested regarding any doubts, issues, and/or obscure points that may arise from the manuscript’s similarity assessment. Once the results and any clarifications are received, the Editor-in-Chief, in conjunction with the Executive Editors and, if necessary, the Editorial Board, will decide on the procedures regarding the manuscript. If duplication is confirmed, the article will be rejected.

Ethics Committee, authorizations, and permissions

Authors must attach a statement of approval from the ethics committee of the institution responsible for approving the research. Licenses, permissions, and authorizations for access to genetic heritage, access to traditional knowledge associated with genetic heritage, collection of biological material outside and inside protected areas, indigenous lands, quilombola territories, and other traditional peoples and communities’ territories, as well as registration in the National System for Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SisGen), in the case of work with native species of Brazil, are the responsibility of the authors and must be explicitly cited in the published articles.

Copyright

Authors of articles published by Acta Botanica Brasilica retain the copyright of their works, licensing them under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 license, which allows articles to be reused and distributed without restriction, provided that the original work is correctly cited.

Intellectual Property and Terms of Use

Responsibility of the website:

The website reserves the right to make normative, orthographic, and grammatical changes to the originals to maintain the standard language usage while respecting the authors’ style.

Author’s responsibility:

Authors retain all rights to their works, with their reprinting, deposit, or partial or total republication subject to indicating the first publication in the journal through the CC-BY license. The original source of publication must be cited. Authors are solely responsible for the data, concepts, and opinions presented in the articles, as well as the accuracy of the documents and bibliographic references.

All content of the journal and articles published by Acta Botanica Brasilica, unless specified otherwise, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License: CC-BY https://br.creativecommons.org/licencas/.

Authors of articles published by Acta Botanica Brasilica retain the copyright of their works, licensing them under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows articles to be reused and distributed without restriction, provided that the original work is correctly cited.

Acta Botanica Brasilica encourages authors to self-archive their accepted manuscripts by publishing them on personal blogs, institutional repositories, and academic social media, as well as posting them on their personal social media accounts, as long as a full citation to the version on the journal’s website is included.

Guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically through the website https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/abb-scielo

Submissions must be made exclusively in English. Authors are responsible for ensuring the quality of the English language in their manuscripts. The editorial board will evaluate the language adequacy upon submission, and if deemed inappropriate, the manuscript may be rejected.

Types of Documents Accepted

- Original Articles
- Review Articles
- Viewpoints
- Methods
- Scientific Notes

Submission Process Overview

Manuscript submission and evaluation will be handled through the online submission system at https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/abb-scielo. The manuscript text must be prepared in English (see ARTICLE FILE PREPARATION below for details) and submitted via the same platform.

Figures, tables, and other types of content should be organized in separate files for submission (see Preparation of Tables, Figures, and Supplementary Material below for details). If you are using the submission system for the first time, access the submission system, click "New User – Register Here", and create a username and password. Registered users who forgot their login details, go to the login page and select "Reset password" (do not create a new account).

If you are unable to access our web-based submission system, please contact the editorial assistant ([email protected]).

Cover Letter

All submissions must include a cover letter containing a summary highlighting the scientific merits of the study and its suitability for Acta Botanica Brasilica. The cover letter should also include a declaration confirming that the work is original and unpublished, that the manuscript is not currently under review elsewhere, and that it has not been accepted or published in any form (except as an abstract).

If the authors have opted to submit a preprint version of the manuscript, this should be presented in the cover letter, along with the DOI of the preprint.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors may use generative AI or AI-assisted technologies solely to improve readability and language. Authors are required to: (1) maintain control of the writing process; (2) rigorously verify and edit all AI-generated content; and (3) accept full responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies. Importantly, AI must not be used to generate or alter research data, results, or conclusions. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be credited as an author or co-author, nor cited as an author.

Authors must disclose any use of AI or AI-assisted technologies in their manuscript, including the name of the AI tool, model, version, and date of use. A statement will be included in the published work to ensure transparency. Failure to disclose AI use, if detected during peer review or post-publication, may result in the manuscript being rejected, retracted, or otherwise discredited. This disclosure promotes transparency and trust among authors, readers, reviewers, editors, and contributors while ensuring compliance with the terms of use of the relevant technology.

Manuscript Preparation

A manuscript template is available here for manuscript preparation. Its provision does not exempt authors from carefully reviewing and strictly adhering to the following guidelines:

- Use Times New Roman font, size 12.
- Double-space between lines.
- Margins should be 25 mm wide.
- Set the paper size to A4 (210 x 297 mm).
- All pages must be numbered sequentially.
- Each line of text should be numbered, starting with line 1 at the top of each page.

Headings should be formatted as follows:

- Main Headings, typically used for major sections (e.g., Introduction, Discussion): 16pt, bold, centered;
- Subheadings, nested under main headings (e.g., Data Collection, Analysis): 14pt, bold, centered;
- Further subdivisions (level 3 subheadings): 12pt, bold-italic, left-aligned.

Acceptable file formats are .doc, .docx, and .rtf. Portable Document Format files (.pdf) will not be accepted. When applicable, the manuscript file should include a list of figure captions and table headers at the end. The main text file should not contain illustrations or tables, which should be submitted in separate files. All tables should be submitted in a single file. Remove all field codes before submission.

The first page should specify the type of article (Original Article, Review Article, Viewpoint, Method, or Scientific Note), include a clear, concise, and informative title, and also provide a short running title of no more than 60 characters. The full names of all authors must be provided, with complete affiliation including institutions and the ORCID number of each author. Only one corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk and should always be the submitting author. The address should be concise and in English, including Institution (University, Institute/Faculty, Department), City, State, Country, in this order. Do not translate laboratory, department, and university. Titles and positions should not be mentioned. This information is followed by the corresponding author's email address.

The second page should contain a structured Abstract not exceeding 200 words, in a single paragraph, without references. The Abstract should outline the essential content of the manuscript, especially the results and discussion, highlighting the relevance of the main findings.

The Abstract should be followed by five to ten keywords. Keywords should complement, not duplicate, words in your title. Use primary keywords in the title and prioritize terms that appear in your abstract and main text, ensuring they reflect both broad and specific aspects of your research.

Original articles should be divided into sections presented in the following order:

- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- Authors' Contributions
- Conflict of Interest
- Data Availability
- Funding Information
- Supplementary Material
(if applicable)
- References
- Table and Figure Captions

The Materials and Methods and Results sections should be clear and concise. The Discussion section should interpret key findings without extensively restating results and must end with definitive conclusions. While authors may exceptionally combine Results and Discussion sections, we strongly recommend consulting the Editorial Board for prior approval of this structure.

All algae, fungi, and/or plant names should be written out in full in the abstract and again in the main text for each organism upon first mention, but the genus is only necessary for the first species in a list within the same genus (e.g., Hymenaea stigonocarpa and H. stilbocarpa). The authority of the scientific names (e.g., L., Mill., Benth.) must be cited only at the first mention of each genus or species in the text. Subsequent mentions of the same taxon should omit the authority. Use the International Plant Names Index (www.ipni.org) for correct plant names and the MycoBank database (www.mycobank.org) and Index Fungorum (https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp) for fungal names. Cultivars or varieties should be added to the scientific name (e.g., Solanum lycopersicum 'Jumbo').

In alignment with the scientific principles of reproducibility, replicability, and Open Science, as well as SciELO Brasil guidelines, authors must include in the Materials and Methods section detailed references to voucher specimens or reference material for all organisms involved or examined in the study. Each specimen must be accompanied by its respective voucher number and deposited in publicly accessible and registered collections. To further promote transparency and data accessibility, voucher specimens should preferably be housed in collections that share their data through platforms such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Failure to present voucher specimens will result in manuscript rejection.

The deposition of nucleotide sequences, including raw reads from high-throughput sequencing, is mandatory in repositories such as GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank), NCBI SRA - Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra), and/or others like Genome Sequence Archive (GSA - http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa).

Authors must cite in the Materials and Methods section all pertinent legal and ethical authorizations, including: (1) collection permits; (2) authorizations for accessing genetic resources or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources; and (3) permissions for collecting biological material inside and outside protected areas, indigenous lands, quilombola territories, and other traditional peoples and communities' territories. For studies involving Brazilian native species registration in the National System for Management of Genetic Heritage (SisGen) is mandatory. All authorizations should be cited with their respective identification numbers and issuing authorities. In cases where applicable, statements of approval from the ethics committee of the institution responsible for approving the research should be submitted as a separate file in the submission system. Manuscripts lacking proper documentation will not be considered, in compliance with open science principles and national/international regulations.

Abbreviations should be avoided, except in common cases (see recent editions), and all terms, including scientific names, should be written out in full when used to start a sentence. Unconventional abbreviations should be explained upon their first mention.

Units of Measurement: Acta Botanica Brasilica adopts the International System of Units (SI). For volume, use cubic meters (e.g., 1 × 10–5 m3) or liters (e.g., 5 μL, 5 mL, 5 L). For concentrations, use μM, μmol L–1, or mg L–1. For size and distance, use meters (cm, mm, μm, etc.) and be consistent throughout the manuscript.

Numbers up to nine should be written out in full unless they are measurements. All numbers above ten should be numerals unless they are at the beginning of sentences.

For Short Communications, it is important to note that the editorial guidelines applicable to original articles must be strictly followed. In general, the main difference between original articles and scientific notes lies in the absence of subsections in the text and the limited space for illustrations in the latter. Although it is possible to present figures and tables, it is important to respect the limit of five printed pages for the manuscript (supplementary material can be included if necessary). After the abstract (as described for original articles), the text should be presented in a single section, without subheadings, followed by the sections Acknowledgments, Authors' Contributions, Conflict of Interest, Data Availability, Funding Information, Supplementary Material (if applicable), and References.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments should preferably be less than 80 words. Be concise: "We thank..." is preferred over "The present authors would like to express their gratitude to...".

The following example should be followed:

We thank the Microscopy Center (UFMG) for providing equipment and technical support for experiments involving electron microscopy. We also thank J.S. Santos for their assistance with statistical analyses.

After the acknowledgments, authors should include a section specifying the contribution of each author to the work, following the taxonomy structure of the CRediT Contributor Roles (https://credit.niso.org/). The taxonomy is a framework that identifies and defines the different roles played by contributors in a project, providing a standardized way to recognize their contributions. For example, in the context of a research project, someone who primarily participated in conceptualization would have conceived the initial idea of the project, outlining its scope and objectives. Meanwhile, someone involved in data collection and organization would be responsible for Data Curation, ensuring the quality and accessibility of the data used. These roles, such as "Conceptualization" and "Data Curation," among others listed, are essential for understanding who contributed in what way to the work performed. The taxonomy facilitates appropriate credit attribution to each contributor based on their specific responsibilities throughout the project.

Authors' Contribution

After the acknowledgments, authors should include a section specifying the contribution of each author to the work, following the taxonomy structure of the CRediT Contributor Roles (https://credit.niso.org/). The taxonomy is a framework that identifies and defines the different roles played by contributors in a project, providing a standardized way to recognize their contributions. For example, in the context of a research project, someone who primarily participated in conceptualization would have conceived the initial idea of the project, outlining its scope and objectives. Meanwhile, someone involved in data collection and organization would be responsible for Data Curation, ensuring the quality and accessibility of the data used. These roles, such as "Conceptualization" and "Data Curation," among others listed, are essential for understanding who contributed in what way to the work performed. The taxonomy facilitates appropriate credit attribution to each contributor based on their specific responsibilities throughout the project.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors should include a section in the manuscript declaring no conflicts of interest (personal, scientific, commercial, political, or financial) in the submitted manuscript. Otherwise, a letter should be sent directly to the Editor-in-Chief.

Data Availability

Acta Botanica Brasilica requires the sharing of all datasets used in the analyses, including raw data, statistical analysis codes (scripts and pipelines), other codes, methods, and additional materials in open online repositories if they cannot be published in the article itself. All articles must have a Data Availability statement. The statement should describe and provide means of access, where possible, by linking to the data or providing the required unique identifier. It can follow the examples below:

Data available in a publicly accessible repository:

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [DOI - PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS].

Data sharing is not applicable:

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing does not apply to this article.

Datasets deposited at Scielo Data or other repositories must be fully referenced in the reference list with a unique identifier such as a digital object identifier (DOI), as exemplified below:

[dataset] Batista WVSM, Pôrto K, Santos ND. 2024. Abiotic and anthropic factors predicting bryophyte assemblages in a humid enclave in Chapada do Araripe, Northeastern Brazil. Available at: (https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.XITNUZ), SciELO Data, V1.

Authors may request an exception to the policy due to legal, privacy, ethical, or other limitations or restrictions. Exceptions will be made at the discretion of the Journal. Please notify the editorial office. If an exception is granted, a data availability must still be included in your paper specifying what cannot be shared and explaining why.

Funding Information

Funding information should be included in this section, including sponsor names and contract numbers (if applicable), along with explanations of the role of these sources.

The following example should be followed:

This work was funded by a research grant from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (identification number).

Supplementary Material

Authors should provide a list of all supplementary materials, as shown below.

The following online material is available for this article:

Table S1. List of Plant Species and Voucher Specimens from the Flora of Serra Negra, Brazil.

Citations and References

For citations, the journal adopts a bibliographic format adapted from the American Psychological Association (APA) style, as outlined below. Citations in the text should take the form of Silva (2012), Ribeiro & Furr (1975), Lima et al. (2023), or (Mayer & Wu, 1987a; b; Ahrends & Burgess et al., 2011; Gonzalez, 2014; Sirano, 2014; Smith et al., 2018) and be arranged chronologically. Articles with three or more authors, even on the first mention, should be abbreviated with the first author's name followed by et al., always italicized (e.g., Simmons et al., 2014), except articles with joint first authorship (equally contributing first authors), who should be cited as Ahrends & Burgess et al. (2011) or (Ahrends & Burgess et al., 2011). If two different authors have the same surname and the article has the same publication year, indicate the initials (e.g., JS Santos, 2003). Only refer to articles as 'in press' if they have been accepted for publication in a named journal; otherwise, use the term 'unpublished data', indicating the initials and surname of the person in question (e.g., RA Santos, unpublished data).

References should be arranged in alphabetical order according to the surname(s) of the author(s). When citing multiple articles by the same author(s), group the references chronologically by publication year. For works published in the same year by identical authors, append lowercase letters ('a', 'b', 'c', etc.) to the year in the reference list to distinguish them. Citation of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is encouraged for all references for which it is available.

In references, for articles with six authors or fewer, provide the names of all authors. For articles with seven authors or more, provide only the names of the first six authors, followed by et al.

Following conventions in scientific writing, packages should be italicized, for example, vegan package. Package functions should be presented in quotes, for example, 'function'.

Please follow the styles:

Scientific Articles

With up to six authors

da-Silva CJ, Modolo LV. 2017. Hydrogen sulfide: a new endogenous player in an old mechanism of plant tolerance to high salinity. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32(1): 150–160. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062017abb0229

With seven or more authors

Araújo FC, Mendes CN, Souza CR, Miranda KF, Morelli MCM, Coelho PA, et al. 2022. Fragmentation effects on beta diversity of fragmented and conserved landscapes: insights about homogenization and differentiation processes. Acta Botanica Brasilica 36: e2020abb0261 doi: 10.1590/0102-33062020abb0261

Articles in press

Alves JJ, Sampaio MTY. 2015. Structure and Evolution of Flowers. Acta Botanica Brasilica (in press). doi: 10.1590/0102-33062015abb3339

Books

Willis KJ, McElwain JC. 2014. The Evolution of Plants. 2. ed. New York, Oxford University Press.

Book chapters

Hopkins MJ, Gerber S. 2017. Morphological Disparity. In: Nuno de la Rosa L, Müller G. (eds.) Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Cham, Springer. Pp. 965– 976. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33038-9_132-1

Online-only journals

Wolkovich EM, Cleland EE. 2014. Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change. AoB Plants 6: plu013. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plu013

Thesis (citation should be avoided)

Souza D. 2014. Reguladores de crescimento vegetal. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidade do Brasil, Brazil.

Other sources (citation should be avoided)

Anonymous. 2011. Title of the booklet, brochure, report, etc. City, Publisher or other source, Country.

Websites

Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/). Accessed on 29 Feb 2024.

Giacomin LL, Rodrigues GA, Lima KSA, Sousa CVM, Luber J, Afonso EAL, et al. 2022. Lista de espécies de plantas vasculares da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. In: Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: (https://catalogo-ucs-brasil.jbrj.gov.br). Accessed on 29 Feb 2024.

Dataset

[dataset] Machado GMO, Gasper AL. 2024. Unraveling the Parablechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida) complex puzzle. Available at: (https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.VUNVYA), SciELO Data, V1.

Software and packages (when no associated paper is available)

Oksanen J, Simpson G, Blanchet F, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin P, et al. 2022. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.6-4. Available at: (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan).

Preparation of Figures, Tables, and Supplementary Material

Digital Assets

All figures (photographs, maps, drawings, graphs, diagrams, etc.) and tables should be cited in the text in ascending order. Figure citations in the text should appear in abbreviated form and uppercase (e.g., Figure 1, Figur. 2A-D, Figur. 3A, Figures 3A, 4C, Table 1).

The maximum dimensions of individual figures should be 170 × 240 mm. The width of an individual component can be either 170 mm or 85 mm, without exception, while the height can be ≤ 240 mm. For continuous-tone images (e.g., photographs), provide TIFF files with 300 dpi. More complex drawings, such as detailed botanical illustrations, will not be redrawn and should be provided in TIFF files at 600 dpi.

Grouping related graphs or images into a single figure (a panel) is strongly encouraged. When a block of illustrative material consists of multiple parts, each part should be labeled with sequential uppercase letters in the order of their citation in the text (A, B, C, etc.). The letters identifying individual images should be placed within white circles in the lower right corner. To separate grouped images, authors should insert white frames (1mm thick). Individual images (not grouped into panels) should be identified with sequential Arabic numerals in the order of their citation in the text (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.), presented in the same manner, with letters identifying individual images, as described for panels above. The number identifying a grouped figure (e.g., Figure 2) should not be inserted into the panel but referenced only in the figure caption and text (e.g., Figure 2A-C). Scale bars, when necessary, should be positioned in the lower right corner of the figure. The units of the scale bar should be provided at the end of the figure caption or, when a figure contains multiple scale bars with different units, above each bar. Details within a figure can be indicated with arrows, letters, or symbols, as appropriate.

Due to our policy of inclusion for colorblind and visually impaired individuals, we recommend the use of a perceptually uniform color map, such as viridis or cividis; avoid red, especially in combination with green; check your figure in grayscale or fully desaturated; choose a color palette that works for everyone; use features such as shapes and line textures to eliminate color ambiguity.

Tables should be preceded by titles, indicated with sequential Arabic numerals (Table 1, 2, 3, etc.; do not abbreviate). Tables should be created using the Table function in Microsoft Word™. Columns and rows should be visible, although no dark lines should be used to separate them. Horizontal rules should only be used at the top (below the title) and bottom (below the final row) of the table. Do not use fills, shading, or colors in tables. All tables should be submitted in a single file.

Supplementary Documents

When appropriate, supplementary data may be submitted as Supplementary Files, which will be published online and made available as links. This may include figures, tables, or other additional materials necessary to fully document the research contained in the article or to facilitate readers' understanding of the work. Supplementary materials are linked to the main article page and can be cited using the same DOI as the article.

Supplementary Materials should be provided in .doc or .docx format, appropriate for text and tables, and .tiff format at 300dpi for figures and graphs. The full title of the article and the names of the authors should be included in the header. All supplementary figures and tables should be referenced in the body of the manuscript as "Table S1" and/or "Figure S1".

Acta Botanica Brasilica intends to maintain Supplementary Materials files, but does not guarantee their permanent availability. The journal reserves the right to remove Supplementary Materials from a published article in the future.

In line with scientific principles of openness, transparency, and reproducibility, Acta Botanica Brasilica encourages the sharing of all datasets used in the analysis, including analysis scripts, other codes, methods, and additional materials in open online repositories such as SciELO data (https://data.scielo.org/dataverse/brabb), Figshare, and OSF, if they cannot be published within the article itself. This information should be indicated in the manuscript.

Additional Information

All authors will receive an email confirming the submission of the manuscript, along with the corresponding reference number. The Editor-in-Chief and the editorial board will assess the manuscript's adherence to instructions, quality, and novelty and decide on its suitability for peer review. Manuscripts that do not adhere to the format will be returned to the authors. After peer review, click "here to submit a revision" and upload the new version of the manuscript. Remember to delete duplicate documents.

Upon acceptance, a PDF proof will be sent to the corresponding authors as an email attachment. Corrected proofs must be returned within 72 hours. It is the sole responsibility of the corresponding author to check for errors in the proof. Each article is identified by a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI), a code used for referencing and bibliographic search. Submission and acceptance dates will be printed on each paper, as well as the names of the editors responsible for editing and accepting the manuscript. The corresponding author will receive a free PDF or URL providing access to the article online and a PDF for download. The corresponding author is responsible for distributing this PDF or URL to any co-authors.

Acta Botanica Brasilica charges a fee of R$800.00 (eight hundred Brazilian reais) for each accepted article. For members of the Brazilian Botanical Society (SBB), there is no publication fee for an article (up to a limit of 12 final PDF pages per year). To become a member of the SBB, visit https://www.botanica.org.br/. For SBB members, if the manuscript exceeds 12 pages in the PDF, a fee of R$15 per exceeding PDF page will be applied.

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At Acta Botanica Brasilica, we provide a standard template to help you prepare your manuscript and reduce errors during the initial editorial process.

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