Abstract
The reddish phenomenon in galls is commonly associated with anthocyanin accumulation triggered by different stimuli, including metal, which provides a more efficient antioxidant defense. Herein, we hypothesize that red galls have higher levels of polyamines (PAs) and phytohormones, especially those involved in stress production and dissipation, than green galls do. This, in turn, is likely associated with greater metal accumulation in galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga (Lepidoptera) on Macairea radula (Melastomataceae). Green and red galls were sampled and opened to select only those with the galling insect in the larval stage for later analyses of phytohormones, polyamines, and metals. The putrescine and spermine levels were greater in red galls than in green galls. The contents of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were also greater in red galls, as were the contents of Al, Fe, Pb, and Cu. We suggest a possible link between PAs, SA, and MeJA and the translocation of metals to reduce the toxicity caused by these chemical elements’ accumulation, transforming them into less toxic forms and maintaining red coloration as a form of oxidative protection in galls.
Keywords:
coloration; red gall; biotic stress; primary metabolites; metallic ions
Full Article: https://www.scielo.br/j/abb/a/dF9SJNt8dGP43FWQSvLBsLp/?format=html&lang=en